Citizens’ initiatives and referendums in Finland
In addition to elections, Finnish citizens have other ways to participate directly in democratic decision-making. Citizens’ initiatives and referendums allow people to influence political debate and decision-making.
Citizens’ initiatives
A citizens’ initiative allows citizens to propose new legislation or changes to existing laws. If an initiative collects a sufficient number of signatures, it must be considered by Parliament.
Citizens’ initiatives do not automatically become law, but they ensure that Parliament discusses the proposal.
Signatures and eligibility
To be submitted to Parliament, a citizens’ initiative must receive support from at least 50,000 eligible voters within a set time period.
Only Finnish citizens who have the right to vote in parliamentary elections may support an initiative.
Referendums in Finland
Referendums allow citizens to express their opinion on a specific issue through a vote. In Finland, referendums are typically advisory, meaning they do not legally bind Parliament.
Parliament or the Government decides whether to hold a referendum.
Direct democracy in practice
Citizens’ initiatives and referendums complement representative democracy. They provide additional ways for citizens to influence public debate.
These tools encourage civic engagement and public discussion on important issues.
Why citizen participation matters
Opportunities for direct participation strengthen democracy by giving citizens a more active role in political life.
Understanding these mechanisms helps explain how democracy functions beyond regular elections.