Permanent residence and integration
Permanent residence allows a non-citizen to live in Finland on a long-term basis. It is linked not only to legal status, but also to integration into Finnish society, including language skills, employment, and participation in everyday life.
Residence permits in Finland
Residence permits in Finland are issued by the Finnish Immigration Service (Migri). Most people first receive a temporary residence permit, which is usually based on work, family ties, or studies.
After several years of continuous residence, a person may apply for a permanent residence permit. This status provides greater security and fewer restrictions than temporary permits.
Permanent residence permit
A permanent residence permit is usually granted after four years of continuous residence in Finland. Applicants must meet requirements related to income, lawful residence, and compliance with Finnish law.
Permanent residence does not expire in the same way as temporary permits, but it can be withdrawn if the person leaves Finland for a long period or commits serious offences.
Integration and language learning
Integration in Finland focuses on language skills, employment, and understanding society. Finnish or Swedish language learning is a key part of integration.
Integration services may include language courses, job training, and guidance provided by municipalities and employment services.
The role of municipalities
Municipalities play a central role in everyday integration. Registration in a municipality gives access to local services such as healthcare, education, and social support.
Municipal integration plans help newcomers access services and settle into Finnish society.
From residence to citizenship
Permanent residence can be a step toward Finnish citizenship. Citizenship applications require a longer period of residence, language skills, and a clean legal record.
While permanent residents enjoy many social rights, only citizens have full political rights, such as voting in national elections.