Transport and infrastructure
Transport and infrastructure are shaped in Finland by long distances, a sparse population, and demanding weather conditions. Roads, railways, ports, airports, and digital networks make everyday life possible across a large country with strong regional differences.
Roads and railways
Finland has an extensive road network that reaches even remote rural areas. Roads are essential for daily travel, freight transport, and access to services outside cities. Winter maintenance is a major responsibility due to snow and ice.
The railway network connects major cities such as Helsinki, Tampere, Turku, and Oulu. Passenger rail services are mainly operated by VR, the state-owned railway company. Railways are especially important for long-distance travel and heavy freight.
Public transport in cities and regions
Public transport is well developed in larger urban areas. In the Helsinki region, buses, trams, metro, commuter trains, and ferries form an integrated system coordinated by HSL.
Outside major cities, public transport is more limited and often supplemented by private cars. Municipalities and regional authorities are responsible for organising services, with state support where necessary.
Ports and airports
As a coastal country, Finland depends heavily on maritime transport. Most foreign trade passes through seaports such as Helsinki, Turku, Kotka-Hamina, and Oulu. Ports are crucial for exports, imports, and industrial supply chains.
Airports connect Finland internationally and support regional accessibility. Helsinki Airport is the main international hub, while domestic airports serve northern and eastern regions where distances are long.
Digital infrastructure
Digital infrastructure is a key strength in Finland. High mobile network coverage and broadband access support online services across the country.
Digital connections enable remote work, distance education, digital healthcare services, and access to public administration, which is especially important in sparsely populated areas.
Planning, safety, and sustainability
Transport and infrastructure planning takes safety, climate impact, and regional equality into account. Investments focus on maintaining existing networks and improving sustainable transport options.
Reducing emissions from transport, improving traffic safety, and ensuring access to services nationwide are central goals of Finnish transport policy.